Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a technique used to obtain functional information by visualising cortical activity by detecting subtle alteration in blood flow in response to stimuli or actions.

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a noninvasive diagnostic test for measuring biochemical changes in the brain.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a novel contrast mechanism in MRI compared to traditional hypointensity contrast in SWI or T2* weighted images that only allow detection of the presence of tissue susceptibility.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI technique that uses anisotropic diffusion to estimate the axonal (white matter) organization of the brain.

Neuropsychological tests provide a descriptive cognitive profile to understand brain deficits.